Why do I wake at 3am and can’t get back to sleep?

Bedside table at night with a clock showing just before 3am

Often because something wakes your body before it wakes your mind. An overnight dip in blood sugar, a cortisol rhythm that’s started rising too early, or last night’s wine wearing off can all do it. So 3am waking usually isn’t a bedroom problem. I look at the day before, not just the night.

When sleep stops working

You used to sleep. Not perfectly, but well enough.
Now you’re wide awake at 3am with your mind going. Or you sleep through and still wake tired. Or you’re lying there at midnight, exhausted and wired at the same time.
You’re not alone in it. In a 2023 study of 7,956 Australian women aged around 70, 70.2% reported at least one symptom of sleep problems, such as taking a long time to fall asleep or waking early (Khalesi et al., 2023).
Common isn’t the same as something you just have to put up with.

Why it’s rarely just a sleep problem

Is your blood sugar dropping overnight? Is cortisol rising earlier than it should? Is last night’s wine wearing off? Is stress keeping your nervous system on? Or is it all four?

  • Overnight blood sugar. When blood sugar dips in the small hours, your body treats it as a problem. It releases stress hormones to bring it back up. Those same hormones wake you, and switch your brain on. In my clinical experience, that’s why 3am waking often traces back to dinner, and to the day before.
  • Cortisol. Cortisol should be low overnight and rise towards morning. Broken sleep and falling oestrogen both push it the wrong way. In a study that recreated menopause-like conditions, fragmented sleep raised bedtime cortisol by 27 per cent (Cohn et al., 2023). That’s part of why broken sleep can feed itself.
  • Alcohol. It can help you drop off. Then it breaks up the second half of the night. A 2026 review found alcohol consistently disrupts sleep structure and increases waking, particularly later in the night, and shouldn’t be treated as a sleep aid (Chaput, 2026).
    I’m not here to take your wine off you. But two weeks without, and noticing what 3am looks like, is a useful experiment.
  • Stress load. If you’re carrying a lot, your nervous system doesn’t switch off just because the light does.

Why sleep hygiene hasn’t been enough

Regular bedtimes, no screens, no coffee after lunch. It’s reasonable advice, and I give it too.
But sleep hygiene addresses behaviour. It doesn’t touch the blood sugar and hormone patterns underneath. If those are what’s waking you, a darker bedroom won’t fix it.

Where menopause fits

Sleep is one of the places where hormones genuinely play a direct role. Falling oestrogen and progesterone change how deeply you sleep and how easily you wake.
But that doesn’t mean nothing can be looked at. Blood sugar, alcohol, stress and what you eat in the evening all interact with it, and those are things you can change.

What I look at

Before we meet, I read any blood results you already have. If you haven’t had tests for a while, we’ll work out which ones are worth doing. In the room, we go through:

  • When you go to bed and when you wake
  • How long it takes you to fall asleep
  • When you wake overnight, how often and what wakes you
  • How rested you feel on waking, and how energy shifts through the day
  • What you eat in the day and in the hours before bed
  • Alcohol, caffeine, stress and medication

I work alongside your GP, not instead of them. If your sleep pattern suggests something that needs medical review, such as snoring with breathing pauses, I’ll tell you.
You’ll receive a written plan: what we’re starting with, why and what’s coming later.

How long does it take?

Care may take three to six months, sometimes longer. There’s no overnight fix or magic pill, and the changes are yours to make.
Along the way, I track energy, sleep and stress out of ten, so you can see what is and isn’t shifting.

Frequently asked questions

Your next step

If sleep is one of several things that have changed, that’s the pattern I look at in an Initial Clinical Assessment.

References

Chaput, J.-P. (2026). Alcohol, wine, and sleep in adults: Insights from a narrative review. Nutrients, 18(4), 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040585

Cohn, A. Y., Grant, L. K., Nathan, M. D., Wiley, A., Abramson, M., Harder, J. A., Crawford, S., Klerman, E. B., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Kaiser, U. B., Rahman, S. A., & Joffe, H. (2023). Effects of sleep fragmentation and estradiol decline on cortisol in a human experimental model of menopause. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(11), e1347-e1357. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad285

Khalesi, S., Vandelanotte, C., Irwin, C., Vincent, G. E., Gupta, C., & Mishra, G. D. (2023). Symptoms of sleep problems and adherence to dietary guidelines in older women: Evidence from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Public Health Nutrition, 26(8), 1679-1685. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023001052